Hospital Online Branding during the Pandemic: A Healthy Change in India

The COVI D-1 9 pandemic has changed the way brands communicate to their potential and current customers. This paper uses a multimethod approach to specifically study nine corporate Indian chain hospital brands and their online social media presence during COVID-19. The authors sought to decipher the implicit information gained from Facebook pages and conducted a qualitative study with NVivo 12.3. to understand online branding activity over a year, which was for six months pre-COVID-19 and the first six months during COVI D-1 9. This study corroborated these findings through qualitative interviews with six marketing managers from these brands and thus triangulated the findings. The objective of this paper is to understand these changes, and this will pave the way for the country's smaller hospitals that are yet to delve into Social Media Marketing.

Comfort in Telemedicine Based on Diagnosis and Reason for Referral in Pediatric Gastroenterology

Background: Telemedicine can provide increased patient access to care, cost savings and high patient satisfaction. Payors have extended reimbursement for telemedicine and although few pediatric gastroenterologists had experience with telemedicine before the COVID-19 pandemic, many practices continue to offer this as a care modality model. Comfort in practicing telemedicine for specific conditions amongst NASPGHAN members is not known. This study evaluates comfort in practicing telemedicine for common indications for outpatient GI consultation referral and follow up visit diagnoses. Method(s): In June-August 2020, we surveyed members of NASPGHAN with an instrument that included two multi-select questions: 1) Which of the following reasons for referral would you feel comfortable completing with telemedicine? 2) Which of the following conditions would you feel comfortable using telemedicine for a routine follow up? Results: 136 participants answered the two survey items. Constipation (n=121, 89%), heartburn (n=109, 80%), and infant reflux (n=109, 80%) were the reasons for referral most frequently selected. Referral of jaundice (n=26, 19%), second opinion (n=45, 33%), and poor weight gain (n=51, 38%) received the least mentions. For follow up appointments, diagnoses of celiac disease (n=126, 93%), functional gastrointestinal disorders (n=126, 93%), eosinophilic esophagitis (n=120, 88%) were the three most frequent, while liver transplantation (n=24, 18%), intestinal failure (n=26, 19%), and short bowel syndrome without intestinal failure (n=34, 25%) were the diagnoses selected the least. 14 respondents selected comfort with all new patient reasons for referral and follow up visits. Conclusion(s): There is variability in provider comfort to utilize telemedicine for providing consultation or follow up care based on reason for referral or patient diagnosis. Provider comfort in providing care should be considered when offering telemedicine as a practice model moving forward. Reasons underlying provider dis/comfort should be explored using qualitative methods. (Figure Presented).

Medical Treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Cochrane Review

Background Current therapies for pediatric and adult eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) include dietary elimination, proton pump inhibitors, swallowed corticosteroids, and biologics. Our aim is to systematically assess the efficacy and safety of published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of medical therapies for EoE that compare active treatments to placebo or to an active comparator. We consider RCTs that target the induction and maintenance phases of therapy, separately. Methods A search was designed by a Cochrane information specialist and included Cochrane Gut Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov databases, from inception to May 2022. Studies that met our search criteria were imported into Covidence for title and review. All authors participated in study screening, and each study was independently evaluated by two authors. Reports of RCTs that met the inclusion criteria were selected for full text review. Multiple reports of the same RCT were collapsed into the parent study. Data from these studies was then extracted to RevMan Web to assess study characteristics, including study design, EoE definition, inclusion / exclusion criteria, age range, interventions, number of patients randomized, number of patients who completed the study, primary and secondary outcomes and conflicts of interest. Studies were also assessed for potential sources of bias including baseline imbalance, selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting biases. We used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess the overall certainty of evidence supporting the primary outcome. Results As of May 2022, we identified 2,638 reports that met our search criteria of which 14 were duplicates, giving a total of 2,624 reports that were imported into Covidence for further review. Following title and screening, 259 reports were selected for full text review, which were collapsed into 46 distinct RCTs that met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes for our systematic review were histological improvement, endoscopic improvement, and clinical symptom improvement, all as defined by the study at study endpoint, and withdrawals due to adverse events. The secondary outcomes of our analysis were serious adverse events, endocrine complications, growth concerns, infections, and health-related quality of life. Study outcomes were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) are reported for dichotomous outcomes, and mean difference and standard deviation are reported for continuous outcomes. The data will be presented in full. Conclusions Results of this analysis inform clinicians about the efficacy and potential side effects of different medical therapies for EoE in both pediatric and adult populations. Deficiencies in our current knowledge will be highlighted and will provide direction for design of future RCTs in the field. Future research should continue to explore factors that influence initial and subsequent medical therapy selection for people with EoE.

Revealing the Declining Trend of NO2and SO2Concentration in Indian Cities during Pandemic Lockdown

The highly polluted Indian cities are retained their normal state during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Thus, the study aims to analysis the lockdown impact on NO2 and SO2 in the selected cities. So, the lockdown relative changes (C) are calculated based on baseline and pre-lockdown, for which the ground (Central Pollution Control Board data) and satellite (Sentinel 5P data) measured NO2 and SO2 data were utilised. The study reveals that the average pollutants concentration of NO2 and SO2 is declined to below-average level and indicates that the average dropdown level of NO2 and SO2 are -45.4% and -30.2% for ground pollutants;-45.1% and -43.4% for satellite pollutants respectively. The pandemic lockdown has restricted industrial, vehicular emission, and other anthropogenic activities which resulted in a positive effect on air quality. © 2021 IEEE.

Quantum Chemical Studies on SARS-CoV-2-a Review

As soon as foreign substances like bacteria, fungi, chemicals and viruses (antigens) enter a human body, a protective protein (mostly Y-shaped), known as an antibody (immunoglobulin G - IgG) is produced by our immune system. But antibodies are not that much effective against viruses. Because viruses tend to mutate that leads to change in their shape which disturbs the necessitation of shape complementarity which limits the effectiveness of the antibody. Coronaviridae is a family of viruses that are responsible for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection which is a contagious and serious viral infection. These spreads breathing of viral drops coming out of coughing and sneezing of infected persons. Touching of infected surface is also a prime cause of infection. Vaccines tend to train and prepare our body's immune system to recognize and fight off the infectious foreign bodies when they enter. After vaccination, if the antigens enter our body later, our immune system will be immediately ready to destroy them to prevent sickness. Lot of factors like vaccine inefficiency to different variants of existing viruses, age factor, denial of vaccination and previously existing illness make the issue still critical. To face this deadly, alarming global challenge and to prevent the future coronavirus outbreaks, various scientific communities have been toiling in multiple diverse studies about this newly emerged virus. In this review, we underline and summarize the recent research findings involving the SARS-CoV-2's structure, character, lifecycle, its target, finding out antivirus drugs (mainly S-protein of SARS-CoV-2 is targeted), inhibitors, a protocol to identify anti-COVID-19 candidates, detection of efficient and approved vaccines etc. © 2022 IEEE.

Modeling and Path Planning of a Grocery Robot

This paper deals with a grocery robot which mimics work done by salesperson or customer and eases the shopping process. Due to corona outbreak it is very difficult for the customer to put their lives in the risk for going to retail stores where there is a high risk of spread of corona virus through mass gatherings. So, an automated grocery robot is proposed, through which the customer can procure his requirement in the grocery stores with the help of this grocery robot. The robot is fetched with customer data through the excel sheet from the storekeeper. Based on this data the robot is going to pick the groceries in the list and returns the goods/items to the customer. The grocery robot is enabled with artificial intelligence technology (A* Algorithm) for searching the optimal path to reach the item in the racks. The deep learning concept is used for object detection for picking the right item for the customer. This complete task is accomplished with the help of python programming for both object detection and path finding process for the robot. The grocery robot is modeled with the help of solid works software. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Pediatric gastroenterology telehealth during the COVID-19 public health emergency: Access to care, socioeconomic disparities and geo-mapping

Background: The COVID-19 public health emergency (PHE) caused pediatric gastroenterologists to rapidly adapt and greatly expand telehealth (TH) clinical care. Objectives: This study assessed pediatric gastroenterology TH access to care, socioeconomic disparities, and geo-mapping. Methods: A large retrospective cohort study involving distinct patient encounters (DPE) of pediatric gastroenterology patients within Nemours Children's Health Care System (NCHCS): Delaware Valley (DV) and Central Florida (CF). We examined two socioeconomically and geographically unique populations in 2019-20 comparing TH visits to in-person (IP) visits with the shared AmWell TH platform and Epic Electronic Medical Record. We used U.S. Census block group data (600 to 3,000 people per unit) in conjunction with the American Community Survey socioeconomic status indicators. Geo-mapping from individual patients' street addresses was performed. Confounding variables of sex, age, race and ethnicity, income, insurance, and interpreter service were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results: In DV, there were 16 TH visits in 2019 compared to 2,320 TH visits in 2020, comprising 27.1% of the total 8,561 distinct 2020 visits. In CF, there were 65 TH visits in 2019 compared to 2,414 TH visits in 2020, comprising 33.7% of the total 7170 distinct 2020 visits. In DV, Asians (aOR[95% CI], 4.25 [1.73,10.41], p<0.05 ) and whites (aOR[95% CI], 1.5 [1.12,2.01], p<0.05) were more likely to utilize TH than IP-visits. In contrast, blacks (aOR[95% CI], 1.61 [1.11,2.33], p<0.05) and Hispanics (aOR[95% CI], 2.27 [1.27,4.0], p<0.001) were more likely to utilize IP-visits than TH. In CF, Asians (aOR[95% CI], 3.22 [0.59,17.7], p=0.178), whites (aOR[95% CI], 0.99 [0.75,1.31], p=0.96), blacks (aOR[95% CI], 0.78 [0.50,1.21], p=0.267), and Hispanics (aOR[95% CI], 1.14 [0.81,1.59], p=0.46) had no difference in using either TH or IP-visits. In DV, patients insured by Medicaid (aOR[95% CI], 1.18 [1.04,1.33], p<0.01) and patient families with interpreter service needed (aOR[95% CI], 2.44 [1.69,3.57], p<0.001) were more likely to utilize IP-visits than TH. In CF, patients insured by Medicaid (aOR[95% CI], 1.02 [0.90,1.15], p=0.76) had no difference in using either TH or IP-visits;however, patient families with interpreter service needed (aOR[95% CI], 1.37 [1.11,1.69], p<0.005) were more likely to have IP-visit than TH. In DV, census block group data from patients' residing in households with a single female led household (aOR[95% CI], 1.92 [1.10, 3.33] p<0.05) and high school diploma (aOR[95% CI], 3.23 [1.96,5.55], p<0.001) were more likely to use IP-visits than TH. In contrast in DV, patients' residing in households with a Bachelor's degree or higher level of education (aOR[95% CI], 3.99 [2.33,6.83], p<0.001) or an income in past 12 months at or greater than $100,000 dollars (aOR[95% CI], 1.75 [1.30,2.37], p<0.01) were more likely to use TH than IP-visits. In CF, census block group data from patients' residing in households with a single female led household (aOR[95% CI], 0.78 [042,1.47], p=0.44), high school diploma (aOR[95% CI], 0.92 [0.47,1.81], p=0.82) patients' residing in households with a Bachelor's degree or higher level of education (aOR[95% CI], 1.32 [0.88,1.98], p=0.18) or an income in past 12 months at or greater than $100,000 dollars (aOR[95% CI],1.29 [0.85,1.96], p=0.23) had no difference in using either TH or IP-visits. Geographic analysis of DV (Figure 1) and CF showed a similar patient distribution of IP 2019 to TH 2020. Conclusion: Significant racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities were present in our DV cohort but were only significant for language barriers in our CF cohort after correcting for confounding variables. As TH continues to evolve, further investigations should help to improve access to care, address socioeconomic disparities, and assess clinical outcomes of TH.